Non-woven fabric manufacturing techniques

11-06-2022

Nonwoven fabric is a fabric-like material made from staple fiber (short) and long fiber (continuous long), bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat, or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted.

Web Formation Process:

Dry Laid or Air Laid Nonwoven Process:

Dry laid or Air laid is the staple fiber-based web laying process that involves three major steps. They are fiber preparation (by opening and mixing processes), web formation (by carding or by air-lay processes), and finally web stacking (by parallel lay, cross-lay, and perpendicular-lay processes). A flowchart of the dry-laid process is given below.

Flow Chart of Dry Laid Manufacturing Process:

Raw material

(Natural fibers, man-made fibers, inorganic fibers)

Preparation

(Opening to loose material, blending)

Web forming

1. Carding process (Parallel laid, cross laid)

2. Aerodynamic process (Random laid web)

Web bonding

(Mechanical bonding/thermal bonding/chemical bonding)

Processing

(Finishing, dyeing, printing, coating)

Product

(Fiber nonwoven)

Spunbond Method

Filaments spun by melting resin chips are spread on a net directly from a spinning nozzle and randomly deposited to form a web and then bonded in the form of a sheet through thermal bonding or by other means.

Melt polymer chips(raw material).

1) Form filaments by spinning the molten polymer and stretching the molten filaments.

2)Separate and spread fiber bundles of many filaments, and lay down the fibers on a net to form a web.

3)Bind the fibers in the form of a sheet through thermal bonding and perform embossing.

4)Perform special in-line processing such as calendar processing.

5)Wind up the sheet.

Nonwoven fabrics, applications, and their features

Biodegradable Non-Woven Fabric